Ovarian cancer is a serious health condition affecting women and is often referred to as a “silent killer” because its symptoms can go unnoticed until the disease has progressed. Recognising ovarian cancer symptoms early and understanding its risk factors are crucial for improving treatment outcomes.
At Venkateshwar Hospitals, advanced diagnostic and treatment facilities aid in early detection, accurate diagnosis, and comprehensive management of ovarian cancer, offering women a better chance of recovery and improved quality of life.
What Is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer refers to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the ovaries, which are female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. It can also occasionally involve nearby tissues, such as the fallopian tubes or the abdominal lining. Ovarian cancer does not always start due to genetic changes; the exact cause is often unknown, but mutations in specific genes can increase risk.
Types of Ovarian Cancer:
- Epithelial tumours: The most common type, originating in the outer layer of the ovary.
- Germ cell tumours: Develop from the cells that produce eggs.
- Stromal tumours: Originate from the hormone-producing cells within the ovaries.
Early detection is critical as ovarian cancer is more treatable at the initial stages, but vague symptoms often delay diagnosis.
Common Ovarian Cancer Symptoms
Ovarian cancer symptoms can be subtle and are often mistaken for digestive or menstrual problems. Persistent and unexplained discomfort should not be ignored. Common warning signs include:
- Persistent bloating or abdominal swelling
- Pelvic or abdominal pain
- Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
- Frequent or urgent urination
- Fatigue, indigestion, or constipation
- Changes in the menstrual cycle or postmenopausal bleeding
- Back pain and unexplained weight loss
If these symptoms persist for more than a few weeks or worsen, it is important to consult a gynaecologic oncologist for evaluation.
Early Signs of Ovarian Cancer
In its early stages, ovarian cancer may cause subtle symptoms that can resemble gastrointestinal or urinary problems, such as bloating, mild pelvic discomfort, or changes in urination.
- Normal digestive discomfort tends to come and go, whereas ovarian cancer symptoms persist and gradually worsen.
- Early signs, such as persistent bloating, pelvic pain, or urinary changes, are often overlooked.
- Awareness of these subtle red flags is essential for timely diagnosis and intervention.
Ovarian Cancer Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of ovarian cancer is not fully understood, but several factors can increase risk. Common ovarian cancer risk factors include:
- Genetic mutations: Inherited changes in BRCA1, BRCA2, or Lynch syndrome genes significantly increase risk.
- Family history: Close relatives with ovarian or breast cancer.
- Age: Women over 50, particularly postmenopausal, are at higher risk.
- Reproductive history: Never having been pregnant, early menstruation, or late menopause can slightly elevate risk.
- Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): Long-term use may slightly increase risk.
- Lifestyle factors: Obesity and smoking may contribute, though diet and activity are supportive factors rather than direct causes.
Understanding these risk factors empowers women to make informed health decisions and discuss preventive options with their healthcare providers.
Who Is at Higher Risk of Ovarian Cancer?
Certain women have a higher likelihood of developing ovarian cancer due to genetic and medical factors. High-risk groups include:
- Women with BRCA gene mutations
- Individuals with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer
- Postmenopausal women
- Women with endometriosis or specific inherited syndromes
Prevention and Screening
While ovarian cancer cannot be prevented entirely, high-risk women can consider genetic counselling, regular screening, and preventive strategies:
- Genetic counselling: Women with a family history may benefit from BRCA testing.
- Regular screening: Ultrasound and CA-125 blood tests are recommended only for high-risk individuals, as there is no general population screening guideline.
- Preventive strategies: Long-term use of oral contraceptives may reduce risk, and prophylactic surgery (removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes) is considered in very high-risk women.
When to See a Doctor?
Persistent or worsening ovarian cancer symptoms, such as bloating, pain, or changes in appetite, require consultation with a gynaecologic oncologist. These specialists utilise imaging tests, blood tests, and biopsies to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. At Venkateshwar Hospitals, early detection is a top priority, and the team ensures timely evaluation and treatment to achieve improved outcomes.
How Venkateshwar Hospitals Supports Ovarian Cancer Care?
Venkateshwar Hospitals provides comprehensive care for ovarian cancer, combining expertise, innovation, and empathy. Key strengths include:
- Advanced Diagnostic Facilities: Pelvic ultrasound, CA-125 tests, CT/MRI scans, and biopsies for precise diagnosis and treatment.
- Multidisciplinary Expertise: Oncologists, gynaecologists, and radiologists collaborate to provide accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment.
- Personalised Treatment Plans: Surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormonal therapy are provided based on the type and stage of cancer.
- Patient Support and Counselling: Emotional and psychological support programmes for patients and families.
Conclusion
Awareness of ovarian cancer symptoms and understanding its risk factors can save lives. Since early-stage ovarian cancer often presents subtle signs, recognising persistent symptoms and seeking timely medical help is critical. For expert consultation and ovarian cancer care, visit Venkateshwar Hospitals today.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are the most common symptoms of ovarian cancer?
Common symptoms include bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating, frequent urination, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss.
2. What causes ovarian cancer?
Causes include genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), age, family history, hormonal factors, and certain medical conditions.
3. Can ovarian cancer be detected early?
Yes, through regular check-ups, pelvic examinations, and tests such as CA-125 and transvaginal ultrasound in high-risk women.
4. Who is at the highest risk of ovarian cancer?
Women over 50, especially those with BRCA mutations, Lynch syndrome, or a family history of ovarian or breast cancer.
5. Are ovarian cancer symptoms different from everyday menstrual issues?
Yes, ovarian cancer symptoms are persistent, worsening, and not cyclical like menstrual discomfort.
6. How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves pelvic examinations, imaging (such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI), blood tests (including CA-125), and biopsy.
7. What lifestyle factors increase the risk of ovarian cancer?
Obesity and smoking may increase risk, while a healthy lifestyle can support overall reproductive health.
8. Can ovarian cancer be prevented?
It cannot be prevented entirely, but oral contraceptives, regular screening for high-risk women, and prophylactic surgery in selected cases can reduce risk.
9. Is ovarian cancer hereditary?
Yes, hereditary mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, or Lynch syndrome genes can increase the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer.
Medically Reviewed by — Dr. Siddharth Sahai (Director – Medical Oncology)
