Gastric (Stomach) Cancer Treatment in Delhi, India

Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a malignant tumour that develops in the stomach, primarily in the glandular tissue of its inner lining. It occurs when stomach cells grow and divide uncontrollably, resulting in the formation of abnormal tissue. Early stages of the disease may not show noticeable symptoms, but as it progresses, patients may experience unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Risk factors include lifestyle choices such as smoking, a diet high in salt or processed foods, as well as non-modifiable factors like age and family history. Stomach cancer remains a significant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is an increasing health concern in India, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to its subtle early symptoms.

Risk Factors for Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

People at higher risk include those with:

• Family history of gastric cancer
• Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection
• A diet high in salt, smoked, or processed foods.
• Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption
• Age (most common after 50) and male gender
• Chronic gastritis or a history of stomach polyps

Types of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer can develop in different types of cells within the stomach, and each type has distinct characteristics, risk factors, and implications for diagnosis and management.

• Adenocarcinoma- Most common (>90%), originating in the glandular lining of the stomach
• Lymphoma – Cancer originating in the immune cells of the stomach wall
• Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) – Rare tumours arising from the stomach’s connective tissue
• Carcinoid tumours – Slow-growing cancers beginning in hormone-producing cells of the stomach

Symptoms of Gastric Cancer

The symptoms of gastric cancer can vary depending on the stage of the disease, often starting subtly and becoming more noticeable as the cancer progresses. Early symptoms may include:

• Indigestion, bloating, or heartburn
• Loss of appetite
• Mild abdominal discomfort

• Vomiting blood or coffee-ground-like material
• Black stools (melena)
• Severe abdominal pain
• Unexplained weight loss and fatigue

If you experience persistent indigestion, unexplained weight loss, or blood in vomit/stools, consult a specialist immediately.

Causes of Gastric Cancer

Several factors can contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Below, we outline the key causes, including genetic changes, infections, lifestyle habits, and pre-existing conditions of the stomach.

• Genetic mutations – Changes in DNA that trigger uncontrolled cell growth
• H. pylori infection – Long-term infection increases cancer risk
• Lifestyle causes – High salt diet, processed food intake, smoking, and alcohol.
• Pre-existing conditions – Chronic gastritis, stomach ulcers, or polyps

Diagnosis of Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

Accurate diagnosis of gastric cancer involves a combination of clinical evaluation and specialised tests. The following methods help confirm the presence of cancer, assess its extent, and guide appropriate management.

• Physical examination & medical history review – Initial assessment to evaluate symptoms and risk factors.
• Endoscopy & biopsy – Considered the gold standard for confirming stomach cancer by obtaining tissue samples.
• Imaging tests – CT scan, PET scan, and MRI help determine tumour spread and involvement of nearby organs.
• Blood tests & tumour markers (e.g., CEA, CA 72-4) – Useful for monitoring treatment response but not sufficient for standalone diagnosis.
• Staging workup – Essential for identifying the cancer stage and planning the most appropriate treatment approach.

Treatment of Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

Treatment of gastric cancer is highly individualised, depending on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. At Venkateshwar Hospitals, a multidisciplinary team of oncologists, surgeons, and specialists collaborates to design a personalised treatment plan. Various modalities are employed to control the disease, relieve symptoms, and improve quality of life, ensuring patients receive comprehensive care throughout their journey.

• Surgery (Gastrectomy) – Partial or total removal of the stomach, depending on tumour size and spread
• Chemotherapy – Drugs to kill cancer cells or shrink tumours before/after surgery
• Radiation Therapy – Targeted radiation to destroy cancer cells
• Targeted Therapy – Precision drugs such as trastuzumab for HER2-positive gastric cancers
• Immunotherapy – Typically used for advanced/metastatic gastric cancer with specific biomarkers (e.g., PD-L1 expression), not as a first-line treatment for all cases
• Palliative Care – Focused on improving quality of life in advanced stages

Our tumour board approach ensures every patient receives a personalised treatment plan.

Possible Complications

Gastric cancer and its treatment may lead to various complications, affecting overall health and quality of life.

• Cancer spreads (metastasis) to the liver, lungs, or lymph nodes.
• Bleeding ulcers inside the stomach.
• Malnutrition and significant weight loss can be both complications and common presenting symptoms.
• Post-surgical complications, such as infections or digestive issues.

How to Reduce the Risk of Gastric Cancer?

While not all cases of gastric cancer can be prevented, specific lifestyle changes and medical measures can help lower the risk of developing the disease.

• Adopt a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low in salt and processed foods.
• Quit smoking and limit alcohol intake.
• Treat H. pylori infections early with medical help.
• Consider screening in high-risk individuals (family history, chronic gastritis, or age over 50), often via endoscopy – there is no widespread gastric cancer screening program in India.

Why Venkateshwar Hospitals for Stomach Cancer Treatment?

At Venkateshwar Hospitals, Delhi, patients benefit from:

• Highly experienced oncologists and gastroenterologists.
• Advanced diagnostic facilities, including endoscopy, PET-CT, and MRI.
• Well-equipped oncology centre offering comprehensive treatment options.
• Personalised treatment plans designed by a multidisciplinary team.
• Comprehensive supportive care, including diet counselling, physiotherapy, and palliative care.
• Affordable cancer care following international standards of safety.

Prognosis & Recovery| Gastric Cancer

The prognosis for gastric cancer depends mainly on the stage at which the disease is diagnosed and the patient’s overall health. When detected early, survival rates are considerably higher, and patients may require less invasive treatments, allowing for a better quality of life during recovery. In advanced cases, recent progress in targeted therapies and immunotherapy has improved outcomes, offering hope even when the cancer has spread. Recovery is not only about eliminating cancer but also about restoring strength and maintaining daily functioning. Regular follow-up visits play a critical role in monitoring for recurrence, managing long-term side effects, and providing ongoing support to ensure the patient’s overall well-being. Lifestyle adjustments, nutritional guidance, and supportive care are equally important in promoting sustained health after treatment.